Developer Guide: Real-Time SMS Delivery Status with Node.js, Infobip & SSE - code-examples -

This guide provides a complete walkthrough for building a Node.js backend system that sends SMS messages via Infobip, receives delivery status updates through webhooks, stores these updates, and pushes them in real-time to a connected frontend using Server-Sent Events (SSE). This enables you to provide immediate feedback to users about the status of their messages.

Project Goals:

  • Send SMS messages programmatically using the Infobip API.
  • Receive asynchronous delivery status reports from Infobip via webhooks.
  • Persist message status information in a database.
  • Push real-time status updates to specific frontend clients using SSE.
  • Build a robust, scalable, and maintainable solution.

Target Audience: Developers familiar with Node.js, Express, REST APIs, and basic frontend concepts (React/Vue).

Technologies Used:

  • Backend: Node.js, Express
  • SMS Provider: Infobip API
  • Real-time Communication: Server-Sent Events (SSE)
  • Database: PostgreSQL (with Prisma ORM)
  • HTTP Client: Axios
  • Environment Variables: dotenv
  • Development Tooling: nodemon (optional), ngrok (for local webhook testing)

Why these technologies?

  • Node.js/Express: A popular, performant, and well-suited stack for building API backends and handling asynchronous operations like webhooks.
  • Infobip: A robust communication platform offering reliable SMS delivery and detailed status reporting via webhooks.
  • SSE: A simple and efficient W3C standard for pushing data from the server to the client over a single HTTP connection, ideal for status updates without the complexity of WebSockets.
  • PostgreSQL/Prisma: A powerful relational database and a modern ORM that simplifies database interactions, migrations, and type safety.
  • Axios: A widely-used, promise-based HTTP client for making requests to the Infobip API.
  • ngrok: Essential for exposing your local development server to the internet so Infobip can reach your webhook endpoint.

System Architecture:

+-------------+       +-----------------+       +-----------------+       +---------------+
|  Frontend   |<----->|  Node.js/Express|<----->|     Infobip     |<----->| Mobile Device |
| (React/Vue) |       |     Backend     |       |     Platform    |       |  (Recipient)  |
+-------------+       +-----------------+       +-----------------+       +---------------+
      |  /|\               |        |                  |         |               |
      |   | SSE            | Send SMS Request         |         | Send SMS      |
      |   +----------------+                          |         +-------------->|
      |                    |                          |                         |
      |                    | Store Initial Status     | Receive SMS             |
      |                    | (e.g., PENDING)          |                         |
      |                    V                          |                         |
      |              +----------+                     | Status Update           |
      |              | Database |                     | (e.g., DELIVERED)       |
      |              | (Postgres)                     |<------------------------+
      |              +----------+                     |                         |
      |                    ^                          |                         |
      | Update Status      | Webhook Notification     |                         |
      | /|\                +--------------------------+                         |
      |  | Push Update     |                          |                         |
      +--+-----------------+                          |                         |
         SSE Connection                               |                         |
         (listens for status changes)                 |                         |
  1. Frontend: Initiates the SMS send request_ establishes an SSE connection to listen for status updates related to its request.
  2. Node.js Backend:
    • Receives the send request.
    • Generates a unique correlationId.
    • Sends the SMS via Infobip API.
    • Stores initial message details (including correlationId and Infobip's messageId) in the database.
    • Provides an SSE endpoint (/sse-status/:correlationId) for the frontend to connect to.
    • Provides a webhook endpoint (/infobip-webhook) for Infobip to send status updates.
    • When a webhook is received: validates it_ updates the corresponding message status in the database_ and pushes the update via SSE to the relevant client connection.
  3. Infobip: Receives the SMS request_ attempts delivery_ and sends status updates (DELIVERED_ FAILED_ etc.) to the configured backend webhook URL.
  4. Database: Stores the state of each message_ linking the internal correlationId to Infobip's messageId and the latest delivery status.

Prerequisites:

  • Node.js and npm (or yarn) installed.
  • An Infobip account (Free trial is sufficient_ but note limitations).
  • Access to a PostgreSQL database (local or cloud-based).
  • ngrok installed for local development webhook testing. (Note: Free ngrok provides temporary URLs. For persistent URLs during development_ consider paid ngrok or alternatives like localtunnel. In production_ you will use your server's actual public URL.)
  • Basic understanding of REST APIs and asynchronous JavaScript.

1. Setting up the Project

Let's initialize our Node.js project and install the necessary dependencies.

1.1 Create Project Directory:

bash
mkdir infobip-status-backend
cd infobip-status-backend

1.2 Initialize npm Project:

bash
npm init -y

This creates a package.json file.

1.3 Install Dependencies:

bash
npm install express axios dotenv cors sse-channel uuid @prisma/client
npm install --save-dev nodemon prisma
  • express: Web framework for Node.js.
  • axios: Promise-based HTTP client.
  • dotenv: Loads environment variables from a .env file.
  • cors: Enables Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (necessary if your frontend is on a different domain/port).
  • sse-channel: Simple library for managing Server-Sent Events channels.
  • uuid: To generate unique correlation IDs.
  • @prisma/client: The Prisma database client (required at runtime).
  • nodemon (dev): Utility that monitors for changes and automatically restarts the server.
  • prisma (dev): The Prisma CLI for database migrations and management.

1.4 Initialize Prisma:

bash
npx prisma init --datasource-provider postgresql

This command does two things:

  • Creates a prisma directory with a schema.prisma file. This is where you define your database schema.
  • Creates a .env file in the root directory to store environment variables_ including your database connection string.

1.5 Configure .env:

Open the generated .env file and update the DATABASE_URL. Also_ add placeholders for Infobip credentials and other settings.

bash
# .env

# Prisma Database Connection
# Example for local PostgreSQL: postgresql://USER:PASSWORD@HOST:PORT/DATABASE
DATABASE_URL="postgresql://postgres:yourpassword@localhost:5432/infobip_status?schema=public"

# Infobip Credentials
INFOBIP_BASE_URL="YOUR_INFOBIP_BASE_URL" # e.g._ xyz.api.infobip.com (Find this in your Infobip account)
INFOBIP_API_KEY="YOUR_INFOBIP_API_KEY"  # Find this in your Infobip account

# Server Configuration
PORT=3001
# This will be the public URL ngrok provides for your webhook during development
WEBHOOK_PUBLIC_URL="YOUR_NGROK_FORWARDING_URL" # e.g._ https://abcd-1234.ngrok.io

# Optional: Secret for basic webhook validation
WEBHOOK_SECRET="a-very-secure-secret-string"
  • DATABASE_URL: Replace with your actual PostgreSQL connection string.
  • INFOBIP_BASE_URL_ INFOBIP_API_KEY: You'll get these from your Infobip dashboard (Account Settings -> API Keys).
  • PORT: The port your Express server will run on.
  • WEBHOOK_PUBLIC_URL: Leave this blank for now. We'll fill it when running ngrok.
  • WEBHOOK_SECRET: A secret string you'll share only with Infobip (if using secret validation) to verify incoming webhooks.

1.6 Configure package.json Scripts:

Add development scripts to your package.json:

json
// package.json (add/modify the "scripts" section)
{
  "scripts": {
    "start": "node src/server.js",
    "dev": "nodemon src/server.js",
    "prisma:migrate": "prisma migrate dev --name init",
    "prisma:generate": "prisma generate"
  }
}
  • start: Runs the application normally.
  • dev: Runs the application using nodemon for auto-restarts.
  • prisma:migrate: Applies database schema changes.
  • prisma:generate: Generates the Prisma Client based on your schema.

1.7 Project Structure:

Create the following directory structure within your project root:

infobip-status-backend/
├── prisma/
│   └── schema.prisma
├── src/
│   ├── config/
│   │   └── index.js
│   ├── controllers/
│   │   └── messageController.js
│   ├── middleware/
│   │   └── webhookValidation.js
│   ├── routes/
│   │   ├── index.js
│   │   └── messageRoutes.js
│   ├── services/
│   │   ├── databaseService.js
│   │   ├── infobipService.js
│   │   └── sseService.js
│   ├── utils/
│   │   └── logger.js
│   └── server.js
├── .env
├── .gitignore
└── package.json
  • config: Loads and exposes environment variables.
  • controllers: Handles incoming HTTP requests, interacts with services, and sends responses.
  • middleware: Request handling middleware (like webhook validation).
  • routes: Defines API endpoints and maps them to controller functions.
  • services: Contains business logic (interacting with Infobip, database, SSE).
  • utils: Utility functions like logging.
  • server.js: Sets up the Express app, middleware, and starts the server.

1.8 Basic Server Setup (src/server.js):

javascript
// src/server.js
require('dotenv').config(); // Load .env variables early
const express = require('express');
const cors = require('cors');
const config = require('./config');
const routes = require('./routes');
const { initializeSSE } = require('./services/sseService');
const logger = require('./utils/logger');

const app = express();

// --- Middleware ---
// Enable CORS for all origins (adjust for production)
app.use(cors());

// Use express.json() for webhook parsing, BEFORE custom raw body middleware
// Increase limit if large payloads are expected
app.use(express.json({ limit: '5mb' }));

// Raw body parsing specifically for webhook verification (if needed)
// We might need the raw body *before* express.json() parses it
// Example: app.use('/api/messages/webhook', express.raw({ type: 'application/json' })); // Ensure path matches route
// If using a simple secret header or basic auth handled elsewhere, express.json() is usually sufficient.

// Initialize SSE - must be done before routes that use it
initializeSSE(app);

// --- Routes ---
app.use('/api', routes);

// --- Basic Health Check ---
app.get('/health', (req, res) => {
    res.status(200).send('OK');
});

// --- Error Handling (Basic) ---
app.use((err, req, res, next) => {
    logger.error('Unhandled Error:', err);
    res.status(500).json({ message: 'Internal Server Error' });
});

// --- Start Server ---
app.listen(config.port, () => {
    logger.info(`Server running on port ${config.port}`);
    logger.info(`Infobip Webhook URL should be configured to point to: ${config.webhookPublicUrl}/api/messages/webhook`);
    // Remind user to run ngrok if URL is not set
    if (!config.webhookPublicUrl || config.webhookPublicUrl === "YOUR_NGROK_FORWARDING_URL") {
        logger.warn('WEBHOOK_PUBLIC_URL not set in .env. Run ngrok and update .env or Infobip configuration.');
    }
});

module.exports = app; // Export for potential testing

1.9 Config Loader (src/config/index.js):

javascript
// src/config/index.js
require('dotenv').config();

const config = {
    port: process.env.PORT || 3001,
    infobip: {
        baseUrl: process.env.INFOBIP_BASE_URL,
        apiKey: process.env.INFOBIP_API_KEY,
    },
    databaseUrl: process.env.DATABASE_URL,
    webhookPublicUrl: process.env.WEBHOOK_PUBLIC_URL,
    webhookSecret: process.env.WEBHOOK_SECRET, // Optional secret
};

// Basic validation
if (!config.infobip.baseUrl || !config.infobip.apiKey) {
    console.error('FATAL ERROR: Infobip Base URL or API Key not configured in .env');
    process.exit(1);
}
if (!config.databaseUrl) {
    console.error('FATAL ERROR: DATABASE_URL not configured in .env');
    process.exit(1);
}

module.exports = config;

1.10 Logger Utility (src/utils/logger.js):

javascript
// src/utils/logger.js

// NOTE: This is a very basic logger. For production, use a robust library like Winston or Pino.
const logger = {
    info: (...args) => console.log('[INFO]', ...args),
    warn: (...args) => console.warn('[WARN]', ...args),
    error: (...args) => console.error('[ERROR]', ...args),
    debug: (...args) => console.debug('[DEBUG]', ...args),
};

module.exports = logger;

Note: The provided logger.js is extremely basic. For production applications, it is strongly recommended to use a dedicated logging library like Winston or Pino. These libraries offer essential features such as configurable log levels, structured logging (e.g., JSON), multiple transports (console, file, external services), log rotation, and better performance.

2. Database Schema and Setup

Define the database schema using Prisma and apply it to your database.

2.1 Define Database Schema (prisma/schema.prisma):

We need a table to store the status of each message we send.

sql
// prisma/schema.prisma

generator client {
  provider = ""prisma-client-js""
}

datasource db {
  provider = ""postgresql""
  url      = env(""DATABASE_URL"")
}

model MessageStatus {
  id               String    @id @default(uuid()) // Internal unique ID
  correlationId    String    @unique // Our own ID to link frontend request <-> Infobip message
  infobipMessageId String?   // The ID returned by Infobip when sending
  phoneNumber      String    // Recipient phone number
  messageText      String?   // Optional: store message text
  status           String    // e.g., PENDING, SENT, DELIVERED, FAILED, UNDELIVERABLE, REJECTED
  statusGroup      String?   // e.g., PENDING, SENT, DELIVERED, FAILED, UNDELIVERABLE
  statusDescription String?  // Detailed description from Infobip
  errorCode        Int?      // Infobip error code if applicable
  errorMessage     String?   // Infobip error message if applicable
  createdAt        DateTime  @default(now())
  updatedAt        DateTime  @updatedAt

  @@index([infobipMessageId]) // Index for quick lookup on webhook callback
  @@index([createdAt])
}
  • correlationId: A UUID we generate before sending the SMS. This is crucial for linking the initial request to subsequent webhook updates and the specific SSE connection.
  • infobipMessageId: The ID Infobip returns after successfully accepting the message for sending. We use this to match incoming webhooks.
  • status, statusGroup, statusDescription, errorCode, errorMessage: Fields to store details from Infobip's delivery reports.

2.2 Apply Database Migrations:

Run the migration command to create the MessageStatus table in your database. Prisma will prompt you to name the migration (e.g., init).

bash
npx prisma migrate dev --name init

If prompted, confirm that you want to create the migration and apply it. This updates your database schema.

2.3 Generate Prisma Client:

Ensure your Prisma Client is up-to-date with the schema:

bash
npx prisma generate

3. Core Services Implementation

Implement the services for database interactions, managing SSE connections, and sending SMS via Infobip.

3.1 Database Service (src/services/databaseService.js):

Create a service to handle database interactions using Prisma Client.

javascript
// src/services/databaseService.js
const { PrismaClient } = require('@prisma/client');
const logger = require('../utils/logger');

const prisma = new PrismaClient({
    // log: ['query', 'info', 'warn', 'error'], // Enable logging if needed
});

async function saveInitialMessageStatus(data) {
    try {
        const message = await prisma.messageStatus.create({
            data: {
                correlationId: data.correlationId,
                phoneNumber: data.phoneNumber,
                messageText: data.messageText, // Optional
                status: 'PENDING_SEND', // Initial status before hitting Infobip
                // infobipMessageId will be updated later
            },
        });
        logger.info(`Initial status saved for correlationId: ${data.correlationId}`);
        return message;
    } catch (error) {
        logger.error(`Error saving initial message status for ${data.correlationId}:`, error);
        throw error; // Re-throw to be handled by controller
    }
}

async function updateMessageStatusPostSend(correlationId, infobipResponse) {
     // Infobip response structure might vary slightly, adjust parsing as needed
    const messageInfo = infobipResponse?.messages?.[0];
    if (!messageInfo || !messageInfo.messageId) {
        logger.warn(`Could not extract messageId from Infobip response for ${correlationId}`);
        // Update status to reflect send failure or ambiguity
        try {
            return await prisma.messageStatus.update({
                 where: { correlationId },
                 data: {
                     status: 'SEND_RESPONSE_INVALID', // Indicate issue parsing Infobip's response
                     statusDescription: 'Infobip response was missing expected messageId.',
                     updatedAt: new Date(),
                 },
             });
        } catch (updateError) {
             logger.error(`Error updating status to SEND_RESPONSE_INVALID for ${correlationId}:`, updateError);
             return null; // Indicate update failure
        }
    }

    try {
        const updatedMessage = await prisma.messageStatus.update({
            where: { correlationId: correlationId },
            data: {
                infobipMessageId: messageInfo.messageId,
                status: messageInfo.status?.name || 'UNKNOWN_POST_SEND',
                statusGroup: messageInfo.status?.groupName || 'UNKNOWN',
                statusDescription: messageInfo.status?.description || 'Status after sending.',
                updatedAt: new Date(),
            },
        });
        logger.info(`Status updated post-send for correlationId ${correlationId} (Infobip ID: ${messageInfo.messageId})`);
        return updatedMessage;
    } catch (error) {
        logger.error(`Error updating message status post-send for ${correlationId}:`, error);
        // Don't crash the webhook receiver, but log the error
        // Consider adding specific error handling if the record wasn't found
        return null; // Indicate update failure
    }
}

async function updateMessageStatusFromWebhook(report) {
    const messageId = report.messageId;
    if (!messageId) {
        logger.warn('Webhook received without messageId:', report);
        return null;
    }

    try {
        // Find the message by Infobip's messageId
        const existingMessage = await prisma.messageStatus.findFirst({
             where: { infobipMessageId: messageId },
         });

         if (!existingMessage) {
             logger.warn(`Webhook received for unknown infobipMessageId: ${messageId}`);
             // Decide how to handle this: maybe store orphaned reports? For now, ignore.
             return null;
         }

        const updatedMessage = await prisma.messageStatus.update({
            where: { id: existingMessage.id }, // Update using the primary key found
            data: {
                status: report.status?.name || 'UNKNOWN_WEBHOOK',
                statusGroup: report.status?.groupName || 'UNKNOWN',
                statusDescription: report.status?.description || 'Status from webhook.',
                errorCode: report.error?.id,
                errorMessage: report.error?.name, // Or description/text if available
                updatedAt: new Date(report.doneAt || report.sentAt || Date.now()), // Use Infobip timestamp if available
            },
        });
        logger.info(`Webhook processed for infobipMessageId ${messageId}. Status: ${updatedMessage.status}`);
        return updatedMessage; // Return the updated record including correlationId
    } catch (error) {
        logger.error(`Error processing webhook for messageId ${messageId}:`, error);
         // Consider specific error handling (e.g., record not found after initial check - race condition?)
        return null; // Indicate failure
    }
}

module.exports = {
    prisma, // Export client for potential direct use (use with caution)
    saveInitialMessageStatus,
    updateMessageStatusPostSend,
    updateMessageStatusFromWebhook,
};

3.2 SSE Service (src/services/sseService.js):

This service manages SSE connections and publishes updates.

javascript
// src/services/sseService.js
const SSEChannel = require('sse-channel');
const logger = require('../utils/logger');

// Single channel instance to manage all client connections
const sseChannel = new SSEChannel({
    pingInterval: 15000, // Keep connections alive (milliseconds)
    historySize: 10,    // Store last 10 messages (optional)
    cors: { origins: ['*'], // Allow all origins for simplicity (restrict in production!)
            headers: ['Cache-Control', 'Connection', 'Content-Type', 'Last-Event-ID']}
});

function initializeSSE(app) {
    // Endpoint for clients to connect
    // The ':correlationId' allows us to associate a connection with a specific message request
    app.get('/api/messages/sse-status/:correlationId', (req, res) => {
        const { correlationId } = req.params;
        if (!correlationId) {
            return res.status(400).send('Missing correlationId');
        }

        // Add client to the channel, identifying them by correlationId
        // The second argument allows filtering publications later
        sseChannel.addClient(req, res, correlationId);
        logger.info(`SSE client connected for correlationId: ${correlationId}`);

        // Optional: Send initial status or confirmation message
        // publishStatusUpdate(correlationId, { status: "CONNECTED", message: "Waiting for updates..." });

        req.on('close', () => {
             logger.info(`SSE client disconnected for correlationId: ${correlationId}`);
             // sse-channel handles cleanup automatically, but you could add logic here if needed
        });
    });
    logger.info('SSE service initialized at /api/messages/sse-status/:correlationId');
}

// Function to publish updates to specific clients
function publishStatusUpdate(correlationId, data) {
    if (!correlationId) {
        logger.warn('Attempted to publish SSE update without correlationId:', data);
        return;
    }
    // Publish the event only to clients associated with this correlationId
    // The first argument is the event name (client-side listener uses this)
    // The second argument is the data payload (JSON)
    // The third argument is the filter criteria (client IDs)
    sseChannel.publish(
        'message_status_update', // Event name
        data,                   // Payload (must be serializable to JSON)
        { // Filter options: send only to clients with matching ID
            ids: [correlationId]
        }
    );
    logger.info(`Published SSE update for ${correlationId}: Status - ${data?.status}`);
}

// Optional: Get count of connected clients
function getClientCount() {
    return sseChannel.getConnectionCount();
}

module.exports = {
    initializeSSE,
    publishStatusUpdate,
    getClientCount,
    // sseChannel // Expose channel directly if needed, but prefer methods
};

3.3 Infobip Service (src/services/infobipService.js):

Handles communication to the Infobip API.

javascript
// src/services/infobipService.js
const axios = require('axios');
const config = require('../config');
const logger = require('../utils/logger');

const infobipClient = axios.create({
    baseURL: `https://${config.infobip.baseUrl}`,
    headers: {
        'Authorization': `App ${config.infobip.apiKey}`,
        'Content-Type': 'application/json',
        'Accept': 'application/json',
    },
});

async function sendSms(phoneNumber, message, correlationId) {
    const url = '/sms/2/text/advanced';
    const requestBody = {
        messages: [
            {
                destinations: [{ to: phoneNumber }],
                text: message,
                // It's crucial Infobip knows where to send reports.
                // Set this globally in Infobip portal, or per message here:
                notifyUrl: `${config.webhookPublicUrl}/api/messages/webhook`,
                notifyContentType: 'application/json',
                // You can include correlationId for potential tracking/logging within Infobip if needed
                // customPayload: { correlationId: correlationId },
            },
        ],
        // Optional: Define tracking or other parameters globally
        // tracking: {
        //     track: "URL",
        //     processKey: correlationId // Example using correlationId for tracking
        // }
    };

    logger.info(`Sending SMS to ${phoneNumber} with correlationId: ${correlationId}`);
    // Log request body *without* sensitive info if needed for debugging
    // logger.debug('Infobip Request Body:', JSON.stringify({ messages: [{ destinations: [{/*omitted*/}], text: 'omitted' }] }));

    try {
        const response = await infobipClient.post(url, requestBody);
        logger.info(`Infobip API Response Status: ${response.status}`);
        // Log limited success response details
        const messageInfo = response.data?.messages?.[0];
        if (messageInfo) {
             logger.info(`Infobip Message ID: ${messageInfo.messageId}, Status: ${messageInfo.status?.groupName} (${messageInfo.status?.name})`);
        } else {
             logger.warn('Infobip response structure unexpected:', response.data);
        }

        return response.data; // Return the full response data
    } catch (error) {
        logger.error(`Error sending SMS via Infobip for ${correlationId}:`);
        if (error.response) {
            // The request was made and the server responded with a status code
            // that falls out of the range of 2xx
            logger.error(`Data: ${JSON.stringify(error.response.data)}`);
            logger.error(`Status: ${error.response.status}`);
            logger.error(`Headers: ${JSON.stringify(error.response.headers)}`);
            // Rethrow a more structured error or return a specific error object
            throw new Error(`Infobip API error: ${error.response.status} - ${JSON.stringify(error.response.data)}`);
        } else if (error.request) {
            // The request was made but no response was received
            logger.error('Request Error: No response received from Infobip.', error.request);
            throw new Error('Infobip API error: No response received.');
        } else {
            // Something happened in setting up the request that triggered an Error
            logger.error('Axios Error:', error.message);
            throw new Error(`Infobip API error: ${error.message}`);
        }
    }
}

module.exports = {
    sendSms,
};

4. API Layer: Routes and Controllers

Define the API endpoints and the controller logic that orchestrates the services.

4.1 Define Routes (src/routes/index.js and src/routes/messageRoutes.js):

javascript
// src/routes/index.js
const express = require('express');
const messageRoutes = require('./messageRoutes');

const router = express.Router();

router.use('/messages', messageRoutes);
// Add other resource routes here if needed (e.g., /users, /settings)

module.exports = router;
javascript
// src/routes/messageRoutes.js
const express = require('express');
const messageController = require('../controllers/messageController');
const { validateWebhook } = require('../middleware/webhookValidation'); // We'll create this middleware

const router = express.Router();

// POST /api/messages/send - Endpoint to initiate sending an SMS
router.post('/send', messageController.handleSendSms);

// POST /api/messages/webhook - Endpoint for Infobip to send delivery reports
// Apply validation middleware if using a secret or signature validation
router.post('/webhook', validateWebhook, messageController.handleInfobipWebhook);

// GET /api/messages/sse-status/:correlationId - SSE endpoint is handled directly in sseService/server.js setup
// No route definition needed here as it's attached directly to the app instance

module.exports = router;

4.2 Implement Controller (src/controllers/messageController.js):

javascript
// src/controllers/messageController.js
const { v4: uuidv4 } = require('uuid');
const infobipService = require('../services/infobipService');
const dbService = require('../services/databaseService');
const sseService = require('../services/sseService');
const logger = require('../utils/logger');

async function handleSendSms(req, res) {
    const { phoneNumber, message } = req.body;

    // Basic Input Validation (See Section 7 for more robust validation)
    if (!phoneNumber || !message) {
        return res.status(400).json({ message: 'Missing required fields: phoneNumber, message' });
    }
    // Add more robust validation (e.g., phone number format) needed for production
    // Example: if (!/^\+?\d{10,15}$/.test(phoneNumber)) { return res.status(400).json(...) }

    const correlationId = uuidv4(); // Generate unique ID for this request

    try {
        // 1. Save initial status to DB
        await dbService.saveInitialMessageStatus({
            correlationId,
            phoneNumber,
            messageText: message,
        });

        // 2. Send SMS via Infobip
        const infobipResponse = await infobipService.sendSms(phoneNumber, message, correlationId);

        // 3. Update DB with Infobip's response (messageId, initial status from Infobip)
         const updatedRecord = await dbService.updateMessageStatusPostSend(correlationId, infobipResponse);

        // 4. Respond to the client immediately (don't wait for webhook)
        res.status(202).json({ // 202 Accepted: Request accepted, processing will continue
            message: 'SMS submitted successfully. Waiting for delivery status.',
            correlationId: correlationId,
            infobipStatus: updatedRecord?.status || 'PENDING_INFOBIP_ID', // Send back current known status
            infobipMessageId: updatedRecord?.infobipMessageId // Send back the ID if available
        });

        // 5. Publish initial status update via SSE (optional, but good UX)
        if(updatedRecord) {
            sseService.publishStatusUpdate(correlationId, {
                correlationId: updatedRecord.correlationId,
                status: updatedRecord.status,
                statusGroup: updatedRecord.statusGroup,
                description: updatedRecord.statusDescription,
                timestamp: updatedRecord.updatedAt,
            });
        } else {
             // Handle case where updateMessageStatusPostSend failed (e.g., SEND_RESPONSE_INVALID)
             sseService.publishStatusUpdate(correlationId, {
                correlationId: correlationId,
                status: 'SEND_RESPONSE_INVALID',
                description: 'Failed to get valid confirmation from Infobip after sending.',
                timestamp: new Date(),
             });
        }

    } catch (error) {
        logger.error(`Failed to process send SMS request for ${correlationId}:`, error.message);
        // Update DB status to indicate failure before Infobip
         try {
             await dbService.prisma.messageStatus.update({
                 where: { correlationId },
                 data: { status: 'FAILED_PRE_SEND', errorMessage: error.message, updatedAt: new Date() }
             });
         } catch (dbError) {
             logger.error(`Failed to update DB status after send error for ${correlationId}:`, dbError);
         }

         // Publish failure via SSE
         sseService.publishStatusUpdate(correlationId, {
             correlationId: correlationId,
             status: 'FAILED_PRE_SEND',
             description: `Failed to initiate SMS send: ${error.message}`,
             timestamp: new Date(),
         });

        // Respond with server error
        res.status(500).json({
            message: 'Failed to initiate SMS send.',
            correlationId: correlationId,
            error: error.message // Provide limited error info
        });
    }
}

async function handleInfobipWebhook(req, res) {
    // Assuming validateWebhook middleware passed (or isn't used)
    const deliveryReports = req.body.results; // Infobip sends reports in a 'results' array

    if (!Array.isArray(deliveryReports)) {
        logger.warn('Webhook received with invalid format (expected ""results"" array):', req.body);
        return res.status(400).send('Bad Request: Invalid payload format.');
    }

    logger.info(`Received webhook with ${deliveryReports.length} report(s).`);

    // Process each report asynchronously
    // We don't wait for all promises here to respond quickly to Infobip
    deliveryReports.forEach(async (report) => {
        try {
            const updatedMessage = await dbService.updateMessageStatusFromWebhook(report);

            if (updatedMessage && updatedMessage.correlationId) {
                // Publish update via SSE using the correlationId found in the DB record
                sseService.publishStatusUpdate(updatedMessage.correlationId, {
                    correlationId: updatedMessage.correlationId,
                    status: updatedMessage.status,
                    statusGroup: updatedMessage.statusGroup,
                    description: updatedMessage.statusDescription,
                    errorCode: updatedMessage.errorCode,
                    errorMessage: updatedMessage.errorMessage,
                    timestamp: updatedMessage.updatedAt,
                });
            } else {
                logger.warn(`Webhook processed but no corresponding record or correlationId found for Infobip Message ID: ${report.messageId}`);
            }
        } catch (error) {
            // Log errors during individual report processing but don't crash
            logger.error(`Error processing individual webhook report for messageId ${report?.messageId}:`, error);
        }
    });

    // Respond to Infobip immediately that the webhook was received successfully
    // Infobip expects a 2xx response quickly.
    res.status(200).send('Webhook received.');
}

module.exports = {
    handleSendSms,
    handleInfobipWebhook,
};

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Frequently Asked Questions

Use the Infobip API with a Node.js library like Axios. The provided code example demonstrates sending SMS messages by making POST requests to the Infobip API endpoint with recipient phone numbers, message content, and webhook configuration for delivery status updates. A unique correlationId is also included in the request to track messages.

SSE provides a lightweight, unidirectional channel for the server to push updates to the client. In this setup, after sending an SMS via Infobip, the backend uses SSE to push delivery status updates to the frontend as they're received from Infobip webhooks. This allows for a real-time status display without the overhead of WebSockets.

PostgreSQL offers a robust and reliable database solution for storing message status data. Prisma, an ORM, simplifies database interactions, allowing you to define the schema in a type-safe manner and generate a client for easy database queries and updates in your Node.js code. The example code demonstrates how to store pending, sent, delivered, and failed message status updates in the database using Prisma, along with details from Infobip about the status of sent messages and associated error details if any.

Infobip uses webhooks to send delivery reports asynchronously. Configure a webhook URL in your Infobip account settings or within each message request, pointing to your Node.js backend. When Infobip attempts message delivery, it will POST status updates to this URL. The example code's server.js file reminds users to ensure that their webhook is correctly configured.

Since Infobip needs a publicly accessible URL to send webhooks, ngrok creates a tunnel that exposes your locally running server. Infobip can then send webhook updates to your local server during development via the ngrok forwarding URL. The provided code sets up ngrok automatically.

The frontend initiates the SMS request and establishes an SSE connection to the backend using the correlationId. The backend then pushes status updates to the frontend via this SSE connection in real-time. Basic understanding of REST APIs and asynchronous JavaScript are listed as prerequisites.

The correlationId is a unique identifier generated for each SMS request on the backend. It serves as a link between the frontend request, the corresponding message in the database, and the SSE connection used for real-time updates. This ensures that status updates are delivered to the correct client.

A webhook secret adds an extra layer of security. Use it to verify that webhook requests are coming from Infobip and not a malicious source. The code example provides optional WEBHOOK_SECRET validation middleware to ensure webhook integrity.

Yes, though the provided example uses PostgreSQL with Prisma, you can adapt it to other databases and ORMs. Modify the databaseService accordingly to use a different database client library and update your schema definitions. Ensure alignment between database schema and the logic that updates and retrieves message status from the database.

The primary dependencies are: express for the backend framework, axios for HTTP requests, dotenv for environment variables, cors for cross-origin requests, sse-channel for Server-Sent Events, uuid for generating unique IDs, @prisma/client for Prisma, nodemon (dev) for automatic server restarts, and prisma (dev) for database migrations. These are all installed when setting up the project using npm.

The code example includes error handling within the webhook handler (handleInfobipWebhook). Each webhook report is processed individually within a try...catch block to prevent a single failed report from stopping the others. Error information, if available from Infobip, is logged, and the database is updated accordingly.

Ensure ngrok is running correctly and that the WEBHOOK_PUBLIC_URL in your .env file matches the URL provided by ngrok. Infobip must be able to reach your local server through this public URL.

Use a free Infobip trial account (be aware of limitations) along with ngrok for local testing. Send test SMS messages and observe the status updates logged in your Node.js backend and displayed in your frontend application. For persistent webhook URLs during development, consider paid ngrok or other alternatives like localtunnel.